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The One and Only Ivanbegins with Ivan, a silverback gorilla, introducing himself to the reader. Ivan lives in a glass-enclosed domain at the Exit 8 Big Top Mall and Video Arcade. Next to his domain lives Stella, an elderly circus elephant with a swollen, injured foot. Bob, a stray dog, secretly lives in Ivan's domain and sleeps on Ivan's chest. Ivan used to be wild but has lived in captivity, among humans, for twenty-seven years. Over time, Ivan learned to understand human speech, though he doesn't understand human behaviors and attitudes, particularly their greed.

Multiple times a day Mack, the mall's owner, dresses as a clown and leads the animals through performance routines for mall-goers. At night a girl named Julia, the mall cleaner George's daughter, does her homework and makes drawings while sitting next to Ivan's domain. Julia once gave Ivan a slip of paper and a crayon through a crack in his domain. Ever since then he has made drawings that Mack sells for twenty dollars a piece. When young and wild, Ivan painted with mud. Ivan claims to have a bad memory, but Stella believes he doesn't want to remember his past. Ivan draws a beetle but Mack doesn't see it as anything other than a blob: Julia, however, recognizes it as a beetle, and Ivan is happy to have a fellow artist around.

Mack buys Ruby, a baby elephant, to increase customer traffic. Stella is displeased by the new addition, as she remembers everything she has been through and doesn't want the same miserable life for Ruby. While more customers come to see Ruby, Stella's infected foot makes her overall health deteriorate, but Mack says he can't afford to call in a veterinarian. Stella asks Ivan to save Ruby, then Stella dies in the night.

To console Ruby, Ivan tells a story of his life growing up in a dense rainforest in central Africa. He played tag with his twin sister, who was named Tag. He played with mud, so he was named Mud. One day humans took him from his family and put him in a dark crate, which Mack opened. Mack and his wife Helen raised Ivan like a human in their house, making him wear diapers and drink soda and eat junk food. Helen left Mack one day, and Ivan grew too big for the house. Mack put Ivan in his domain at the mall. At first Ivan liked it, but he didn't realize how long he would have to stay there. He keeps track of days by marking Xs on the wall.

Following Stella's death, Mack drinks heavily and disappears for two days. When he returns, he attempts to train Ruby to perform the same routine Stella performed. He threatens her with a claw stick, causing her to smack him with her trunk. Julia gives Ivan three pots of finger paints. Using the paints, Ivan takes Ruby's fate into his hands and begins making paintings at night. One morning Mack finds the paintings stashed under Ivan's plastic paddling pool and decides he can sell them for more than he was selling Ivan's crayon drawings. It disappoints Ivan that Mack took Ruby's paintings, but Mack brings Ivan more paint and paper. Ivan realizes he needs to paint the zoo he sees in a TV advertisement. But it is not enough: he realizes he needs to spell the word home.

One evening Ivan sticks the paintings through the crack in his cage. Julia and her father don't understand that the paintings are a set and so they pile them up and intend to drop them by Mack's office. Ivan hoots and beats his chest to get their attention, startling them. Julia sees that the dropped paintings on the floor create a bigger picture, and she notices an H. After some convincing, George helps Julia put Ivan's paintings up on the freeway billboard advertising Ivan and Ruby.

The billboard brings media attention and more customers. Soon protesters arrive at the mall, which eventually leads to visits from animal welfare officials who shut down Mack's enterprise. Zoo officials arrive with transport boxes to take Ivan and Ruby to the zoo. While they are both reluctant to leave their familiar environment, eventually they go in the boxes.

Ivan wakes up in a new glass cage. He doesn't understand where he is, but soon it becomes apparent that he is being integrated into the gorilla pasture at the zoo. After first seeing his new troop on a TV, and later through the glass, Ivan slowly adjusts to living as a gorilla among other gorillas. One day Ivan makes a mud painting on a large white wall. After climbing a tree to see his work better, he sees Ruby over the wall, and she is happily living with other elephants.

One

The novel ends with Julia and her father visiting Ivan at the zoo. Julia has Bob in her backpack, and she says he lives with her now. They say goodbye and Ivan turns to his troop, proud to be a mighty silverback.

The One and Only Ivan
AuthorKatherine Applegate
IllustratorPatricia Castelao
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
GenreChildren's Literature
PublisherHarperCollins
Publication date
2012
Media typePrint (hardcover)

The One and Only Ivan is a children's novel written by Katherine Applegate and illustrated by Patricia Castelao. The book is about a silverback gorilla named Ivan who lived in a cage at a mall. The novel is written in first person from the point of view of Ivan, a gorilla. In 2013, it was named the winner of the Newbery Medal.[1] It has won several other awards and is currently nominated to several reading lists.[2] The title was followed in 2020 by The One and Only Bob, which is presented from the point of view of Ivan's best friend, the dog Bob.[3]

Plot[edit]

The story is placed at the Exit 8 Big Top Mall by the Video Arcade. Ivan, the gorilla, has lived in captivity at the Big Top Mall for 9,855 days by his own tally.[4] He lives in his domain, and is generally content with his life. He watches television, eats bananas, and makes artwork that is sold by the owner. Along with Ivan, Stella, an elephant, and Bob, a stray dog, live at the mall. Stella is an older elephant who has a chronic injury in one leg and regularly performs in the daily shows. Unlike Ivan, Stella has a long memory and can remember living in other places, like the circus where she was taught many of her tricks. However, Stella wanted to live in a zoo, because they have much wider spaces for their domains. Stella believes that good zoos are how humans make amends.[5]

When Ruby, a baby elephant, is brought to the Big Top Mall to live with Stella and learn new tricks, things begin to change. Stella's old injury causes her to get sick. Just before Stella succumbs to her illness and passes away, she asks Ivan to take care of Ruby and find her a better place. Ivan promises he will take care of Ruby, even though he does not know how he will manage to do it.[6]

After Stella's death, Ivan begins to remember his life before the Big Top Mall and what it was like to have freedom if only to have stories to tell to Ruby. While Mack, the owner of the Big Top Mall is trying to train Ruby to do tricks, Ivan witnessed first-hand the abuse to which she is subjected and starts to decide how to keep his promise to Stella.

When Julia, the custodian George's daughter, gives Ivan some finger paints, he begins to get an idea of how to help Ruby. He also changes his opinion of the Big Top Mall. He no longer thinks of his area as his domain but as a cage.[7]

Ivan uses his art to make a large picture of a zoo. George and Julia help him by putting it on the billboard outside of the Big Top Mall. When people see the new signs, they begin to protest the treatment of the animals. Investigators are sent to the Big Top Mall and eventually, it is closed down. Ivan, Ruby, and the other animals are taken away to a zoo. Ivan and Ruby are both adopted by the same zoo, where they begin adapting to their new habitats and the other animals they now live with.

Characters[edit]

  • Ivan: An easygoing gorilla who has lived in the Big Top Mall and Video Arcade for 27 years. Ivan has spent most of his life in captivity, either living in a human home or at the Exit 8 Big Top Mall and Video Arcade. He remembers only a little about his life before captivity and has grown content with his life at the mall. As the story progresses, Ivan determines that his life is not satisfactory and he works to save Ruby and himself by having them both brought to a zoo, where they will spend the rest of their life.
  • Stella: a senior elephant who used to live in a traveling circus before she suffered an injury and was sold to Mack. Stella has a long memory, and would much prefer to live in a zoo. She extracts a promise from Ivan to take care of Ruby if she cannot.
  • Bob: a stray dog who lives with Ivan in his domain. Bob is satisfied to be a stray dog and has no desire to be adopted into a human home.
  • Mack: the owner of the small circus and part-time circus clown; he purchased Ivan from poachers who captured him in his home in Africa. Mack is not seen often in the book. He appears to be a generally good man. However, his business is failing and he cannot afford to keep up the mall the way he used to. His actions regarding Stella and Ruby are what finally spur Ivan to try to have Ruby moved to a zoo.
  • George: The mall custodian. George is a good man who cares for the animals and the mall. However, he is conflicted about helping them because he is afraid of losing his job.
  • Julia: George's daughter, who inspires Ivan to love drawing. Julia works to help Ivan in his quest to move Ruby and the other animals to a zoo.
  • Ruby: a baby elephant who is new to the mall. Ruby has only recently lost her mother and has never previously been trained in circus tricks. Ruby's treatment at the hands of Mack is what ultimately drives Ivan to try to find a way to save her. She can also tell if people are lying.
  • Kinyani: a female gorilla whom Ivan meets at the zoo.
  • Maya: the zoo owner who brings Ivan and Ruby and all the animals from the Big Top Mall to the zoo.

Inspiration[edit]

Although The One and Only Ivan is an entirely fictional story, it is inspired by the true story of Ivan,[8] who lived in a similar situation for 27 years.[9] Eventually Ivan was adopted by Zoo Atlanta in 1994.[10]

Reception[edit]

The book had a positive response with a 4.25 review on Goodreads.[11] According to Kirkus Reviews, 'Fittingly, Ivan narrates his tale in short, image-rich sentences and acute, sometimes humorous observations that are all the more heartbreaking for their simple delivery... Utterly believable, this bittersweet story... will inspire a new generation of advocates.'[12] Jonathan Hunt wrote in The Horn Book Magazine, 'The choice to tell this story in the first person and to personify the gorilla with an entire range of human thoughts, feelings, and emotions poses important questions to the reader, not only about what it means to be human but also about what it means to be a living creature, and what kind of kinship we all share.'[13] Carolyn Phelan wrote in Booklist that 'The text, written in first person from Ivan's point of view, does a good job of vividly conveying his personality, emotions, and intelligence as well as creating a sense of otherness in his point of view.'[14] Writing for School Library Journal, Elizabeth Bird said, 'There's nothing twee or precious about it. Just good crisp writing, complex characters, and a story that will make animal rights activists out of the most lethargic of readers. Applegate has penned a real doozy of a book that speaks to the best and worst in all of us.'[15]

Film adaptation[edit]

On April 9, 2014, it was announced that Disney may adapt the book with Allison Shearmur to produce.[16] On May 6, 2016, it was announced that Mike Newell would direct the film, but on March 1, 2018 he was replaced by Thea Sharrock. The screenplay will be written by Mike White.[17] The cast for the film include Sam Rockwell as Ivan, Angelina Jolie as Stella, Bryan Cranston as Mack, Ariana Greenblatt as Julia, and Ramón Rodríguez as Mack's assistant, Brooklynn Prince as Ruby, Helen Mirren as Snickers, Danny DeVito as Bob, with Indira Varma and Eleanor Matsuura in undisclosed roles. Shearmur, who died on January 19, 2018, will still have a producing credit along with Jolie and Brigham Taylor. The movie entered production on the week of May 1, 2018.[18] It was originally planned for a theatrical release on August 21, 2020; however, due to the theater closures impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, it was changed into a Disney+ Original as a video on demand release.

References[edit]

  1. ^LSCHULTE (2014-01-27). '2013 Newbery Medal and Honor Books'. Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC). Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  2. ^'The One and Only Ivan'. Children's Literature Comprehensive Database. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  3. ^Quattlebaum, Mary (May 10, 2020). ''The One and Only Bob': The tiny, tough dog with a huge heart'. The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
  4. ^Applegate, Katherine ; illustrations by Patricia Castelao (2012). The one and only Ivan (1st ed.). New York: Harper. p. 25. ISBN978-0-06-199225-4.
  5. ^Applegate, Katherine; illustrations by Patricia Castelao (2012). The one and only Ivan (1st ed.). New York: Harper. p. 64. ISBN978-0-06-199225-4.
  6. ^Applegate, Katherine; illustrations by Patricia Castelao (2011). The One and Only Ivan. New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers Inc. p. 112. ISBN978-0-06-199225-4.
  7. ^Applegate, Katherine ; illustrations by Patricia Castelao (2011). The One and Only Ivan. New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers Inc. p. 164. ISBN978-0-06-199225-4.
  8. ^'Q & A with Katherine Applegate'. PublishersWeekly.com. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  9. ^'Aged, beloved Ivan the gorilla from Tacoma dies at Atlanta zoo'. The Seattle Times. 2012-08-21. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  10. ^'Celebrating Ivan'. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  11. ^'The One and Only Ivan'. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  12. ^'THE ONE AND ONLY IVAN by Katherine Applegate, Patricia Castelao'. Kirkus Reviews. September 28, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  13. ^Hunt, Jonathan (January 25, 2012). 'Review of The One and Only Ivan'. The Horn Book Magazine. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  14. ^Phelan, Carolyn (February 15, 2012). 'One and Only Ivan, by Katherine Applegate'. Booklist. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  15. ^Bird, Elizabeth (March 7, 2012). 'Review of the Day: The One and Only Ivan by Katherine Applegate'. School Library Journal. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  16. ^'Disney to Adapt Newbery Medal-Winning 'The One and Only Ivan''. firstshowing.net. 9 April 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  17. ^http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/harry-potter-director-mike-newell-891491
  18. ^https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/helen-mirren-danny-devito-join-angelina-jolie-disneys-one-ivan-1107471

External links[edit]

Awards
Preceded by
Dead End in Norvelt
Newbery Medal recipient
2013
Succeeded by
Flora & Ulysses
Preceded by
Hooper Finds a Family
Christopher Award
2013
Succeeded by
Flora & Ulysses
Preceded by
Won Ton – A Cat Tale Told in Haiku
Crystal Kite Member Choice Award for California/Hawaii
2013
Succeeded by
Better Nate Than Ever
Preceded by
The Pup Who Cried Wolf
Flicker Tale Children's Book Award for Intermediate Books
2013
Succeeded by
I Survived the Battle of the Gettysburg, 1863

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